Sunscreen’s Impact on Ocean Reefs and Marine Life: What You Need to Know

As more research unveils the effects of sunscreen on coral reefs and marine life, awareness of this environmental issue is growing rapidly. The connection between sunscreen chemicals and damage to underwater ecosystems has sparked important discussions about responsible sun protection and ocean conservation. Let’s dive into the science behind how sunscreen affects coral reefs and marine life and explore eco-friendly ways to protect yourself without harming the environment.

How Does Sunscreen Affect Coral Reefs?

Certain chemicals in traditional sunscreens, like oxybenzone, octinoxate, and octocrylene, have been shown to be harmful to coral reefs and marine ecosystems. Here’s a closer look at how these ingredients can impact the ocean:

2. Toxicity to Coral DNA: Oxybenzone has been shown to disrupt coral DNA, particularly in juvenile corals, impeding their growth and reproduction. This can severely impact coral reef regeneration and disrupts the balance of marine ecosystems dependent on coral reefs.

3. Impacts on Marine Organisms: Sunscreen chemicals are not only harmful to coral reefs. Studies have found that fish, sea urchins, and even marine mammals absorb these toxic compounds, potentially affecting their endocrine systems, causing reproductive issues, and leading to toxic accumulation in their bodies. This bioaccumulation also poses risks to other marine life, including the animals that feed on them.

4. Marine Life Developmental Impacts: Some compounds in sunscreen can disrupt the growth of young fish and shellfish. For example, oxybenzone can impair the development of fish larvae, impacting fish populations, which are critical for marine food chains and biodiversity.

How Do Sunscreen Chemicals Enter the Ocean?

Every year, an estimated 6,000-14,000 tons of sunscreen wash off swimmers, surfers, and divers, entering the ocean directly. Even sunscreens applied on land can make their way into the water through wastewater runoff, meaning the effects of sunscreen pollution extend beyond beach areas. This broad distribution of sunscreen chemicals in marine environments makes it challenging to protect isolated areas from their impact.

Are All Sunscreens Harmful?

While not all sunscreens are equally damaging to marine life, chemical sunscreens (those containing oxybenzone, octinoxate, and similar compounds) are the primary culprits. Mineral sunscreens**—those that use zinc oxide or titanium dioxide as active ingredients—are generally considered safer alternatives. Here’s why:

- Mineral Sunscreens are Reef-Safe: Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are naturally derived and, in non-nano form, they do not easily dissolve into the water, which minimizes their impact on marine life.
- Physical vs. Chemical Action: Mineral sunscreens work by physically blocking UV rays rather than absorbing them, making them both an effective and eco-friendlier choice.

Note: Not all mineral sunscreens are reef-safe, as certain nano-sized particles may still be harmful. Look for **non-nano mineral sunscreens** for the safest option.

Choosing Reef-Safe Sunscreen: What to Look For

Many brands are now developing reef-safe sunscreens that avoid harmful chemicals and use environmentally conscious ingredients. Here’s what to check on the label:

- Avoid Oxybenzone, Octinoxate, Octocrylene, and Parabens: These are the primary culprits of coral bleaching and toxicity to marine life.
- Look for "Reef-Safe" or "Reef-Friendly" Labels: Many sunscreens now indicate whether they are safe for coral reefs.
- Opt for Non-Nano Mineral Sunscreens: Mineral sunscreens with non-nano particles are less likely to be absorbed by marine organisms.
- Biodegradable and Natural Ingredients: Biodegradable sunscreens with natural, organic ingredients minimize chemical impact on the environment.

The Importance of LUMAR'S Sun-Protective Swimwear

Switching to reef-safe sunscreen is one impactful step, but sun-protective swimwear can make an even bigger difference. Protective clothing provides a powerful, eco-friendly solution for sun protection, reducing the need for sunscreen and thus limiting the chemicals introduced into the ocean.

Benefits of LUMAR'S Sun-Protective Swimwear

1. Consistent UV Protection: Sun-protective swimwear, such as long-sleeve rash guards, swim leggings, and wide-brimmed hats, offer a reliable way to shield your skin from harmful UV rays. Unlike sunscreen, which wears off and needs reapplication, protective swimwear maintains its effectiveness throughout the day.

2. Lower Environmental Impact: By reducing the need for sunscreen, sun-protective clothing helps minimize the amount of sunscreen chemicals that make their way into the water. This is especially important for areas like coral reefs, where even small concentrations of sunscreen chemicals can cause significant harm.

3. Convenience and Cost-Effectiveness: Once purchased, sun-protective clothing provides long-lasting protection without the need for constant reapplication. Not only is this convenient for beachgoers, but it also reduces long-term costs associated with purchasing multiple bottles of sunscreen over time.

4. Comfort for Extended Outdoor Activities: Sun-protective clothing is made from breathable, quick-dry fabrics, designed to keep you comfortable in and out of the water. It’s especially helpful for outdoor enthusiasts who engage in sports, diving, or snorkeling, as they can stay protected for extended periods without relying on sunscreen alone.

Choosing Sun-Protective Swimwear

When choosing sun-protective swimwear, look for UPF-rated (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) clothing, which measures how effectively a fabric blocks UV radiation. UPF 50+ is the highest rating, blocking over 98% of UV rays. Fabrics with UPF ratings are specially designed for sun protection and are highly effective at preventing sunburn and skin damage.

Additional Ways to Protect Marine Ecosystems

Switching to reef-safe sunscreens and investing in sun-protective swimwear are impactful steps, but here are additional ways you can help protect our oceans:

1. Seek Shade: Minimizing direct sun exposure during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) helps reduce the need for sunscreen.
2. Apply Sunscreen at Home: By applying sunscreen well before you hit the water, you allow more time for it to absorb into your skin, reducing the amount that washes off when you enter the ocean.
3. Avoid Sunscreen Rinsing in Showers Near Beach Areas: Washing sunscreen off in outdoor showers near the beach can allow chemicals to run off directly into the ocean.

Coral Reefs Need Protection Now More Than Ever

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, home to thousands of marine species and a crucial support system for global marine life. They also protect coastlines from erosion, support local fishing industries, and attract tourism, which sustains local economies. However, climate change, pollution, and overfishing are already putting immense pressure on these ecosystems, and sunscreen pollution is a preventable threat we can address immediately.

By choosing reef-safe sunscreens and sun-protective swimwear, we can significantly reduce our impact on coral reefs and marine life. Small changes in our daily routines, like switching to mineral-based sunscreens, covering up with UPF-rated clothing, and being mindful of how we apply and wash off sunscreen, can make a big difference.

Let’s make a difference, one mindful choice at a time, to help protect our oceans.